Selection of mining methods
Mining methods determine the required materials and equipment, the amount of development work, labor productivity, ore recovery rate, and the quality of the extracted ore, and occupy a very important position in ore mining. At the same time, due to the diverse conditions of ore body occurrence and the different technical and economic conditions of various mines, in the selection of mining methods, the basic principles of mining method selection should be followed first, and then, according to the specific situation of the mine, the important factors affecting the selection of mining methods should be fully analyzed and studied to finally determine the suitable mining method.
The selection of mining methods should meet the following basic principles:
1. Safety. The selected mining method must ensure that workers can safely produce during the mining process, with good working conditions (such as reliable ventilation and dust prevention measures, suitable temperature and humidity), and mechanized operations should be used as much as possible to reduce the labor intensity of workers. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the mine can produce safely and continuously, avoid surface landslides and debris flows caused by geostress activities and blasting vibrations, and prevent the occurrence of groundwater disasters, fires, and other disasters;
2. Low ore dilution rate. The selected mining method should meet the requirements of the processing department for ore quality and avoid excessive surrounding rock mixing into the ore as much as possible. Ore dilution has a great impact on the beneficiation process, processing cost, and the quality and quantity of products. Generally, the ore dilution rate is required to be below 15%-20%.
3. High ore recovery rate. Mineral resources are limited and non-renewable, and mining is a depleting production. Therefore, it is required to choose a mining method with a high recovery rate to make full use of mineral resources. Ore loss will affect the production cost of the enterprise, reduce profits, and shorten the service life of the mine. The ore recovery rate should generally be above 80%-85%. For mining high-value rich ores, rare metals, and precious metal deposits, mining methods with high recovery rates should be selected as much as possible;
4. High production efficiency. Mining methods with high production capacity and labor productivity should be prioritized. Generally, within a mining stage, the number of ore blocks arranged should be able to meet the production capacity requirements of the mine, and the length occupied by the mined ore blocks should be less than two-thirds of the length of the stage working line. High production efficiency can reduce the number of simultaneously working ore blocks, facilitate the implementation of centralized mining, and is conducive to production management and mining pressure management;
5. Good economic benefits. Economic benefits mainly refer to the high and low cost of mine products and the size of profits. Profit indicators are the most comprehensive, for example, ore cost, ore loss rate, and dilution rate all affect profits.
The above basic principles are interconnected or mutually restrictive. For example, the production cost of mining methods with high recovery rates may be higher, and the economic benefits may be slightly worse. Therefore, only by comprehensively considering the above basic principles can the appropriate mining method be correctly selected.
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