Basic Principles of Mining Method Selection · Mining Chapter
Mining methods determine the required materials and equipment, the amount of development work, labor productivity, ore recovery rate, and the quality of the extracted ore, and they play a very important role in ore deposit mining. At the same time, due to the diverse conditions of ore body occurrence and the varying technical and economic conditions of different mines, the selection of mining methods should first follow the basic principles of mining method selection, and then, based on the specific situation of the mine, fully analyze and study the important factors affecting the selection of mining methods, and finally determine the suitable mining method.
The selection of mining methods should meet the following basic principles:
One, Safety. The selected mining method must ensure that workers can safely produce during the mining process, with good working conditions (such as reliable ventilation and dust prevention measures, suitable temperature and humidity), and mechanized operations should be used as much as possible to reduce the labor intensity of workers; at the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the mine can safely and continuously produce, avoiding surface landslides and debris flows caused by geostress activities and blasting vibrations, preventing groundwater disasters, fires, and other disasters.
Two, Low ore dilution rate. The selected mining method must meet the requirements of the processing department for ore quality and avoid excessive surrounding rock mixing into the ore as much as possible. Ore dilution has a significant impact on the beneficiation process, processing cost, and the quality and quantity of products. Generally, the ore dilution rate is required to be below 15%~20%. 以下。
Three, High ore recovery rate. Mineral resources are limited and non-renewable, and mining is a depleting production, so it is required to choose a mining method with a high recovery rate to make full use of mineral resources. Ore loss will affect the company's production cost, reduce profits, and shorten the mine's production life. The ore recovery rate should generally be above 80%~85%. Mining high-value rich ores, rare metals, and precious metal deposits should choose mining methods with high recovery rates as much as possible.
Four, High production efficiency. Mining methods with large production capacity and high labor productivity should be prioritized. Generally, within a mining stage, the number of ore blocks arranged should meet the mine's production capacity requirements, and the length occupied by the mined ore blocks should be less than two-thirds of the length of the stage working line. High production efficiency can reduce the number of simultaneously working ore blocks, facilitate the implementation of centralized mining, and benefit production management and mining pressure management.
Five, Good economic benefits. Economic benefits mainly refer to the high and low cost of mine products and the size of profits. Profit indicators are the most comprehensive, for example, ore cost, ore loss rate, and dilution rate all affect profits. Mining methods with high profits should be selected.
The above basic principles are interconnected or mutually restrictive. For example, mining methods with high recovery rates may have higher production costs and lower economic benefits. Therefore, only by comprehensively considering the above basic principles can a suitable mining method be scientifically and accurately selected.
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