What is the process of discovering and using antimony?
What is the discovery and use process of refined antimony?
The content of refined antimony in the earth's crust is 0.0001%, mainly existing in the form of simple substances or stibnite, valentinite, stibnite, and stibnite. Currently, there are as many as 120 known antimony-containing minerals. Antimony is hard and brittle, easily crushed, lustrous, non-malleable, and malleable. So, refined antimony What is the discovery and use process of it?
What is the discovery and use process of refined antimony?
1. At the end of the Ming Dynasty (1541), China discovered Hunan tin mine, the world's largest refined antimony mine. But at that time refined antimony It was mistaken for tin, so it was named tin mine. It was not until Guangxu 16th year (1890) of the Qing Dynasty that it was known to be antimony through chemical tests. In Guangxu 23rd year (1897), "Jishan" factory was founded, which was the earliest antimony smelting plant in tin mines, making China's "Lianxi" enter the era of antimony production. In 1908, Hunan Huachang Company introduced the volatilization roasting method from France and began to use this method to smelt antimony. With the rise of the machinery manufacturing industry, the uses and demand for antimony have expanded. After the development of tin mines, antimony mines in Banxi, Xinshao Longshan, Taoyuan Wokouxi and other places in Hunan were successively developed. Then, some antimony mines were mined in Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces. In the decades after 1908, China's antimony output often accounted for more than 50% of the world's total output. From 1912 to 1935, tin mines alone accounted for 36.6% of the world's output and 60.9% of the national output.
2. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, large-scale geological exploration and development of antimony mines were carried out, and the volatilization smelting of antimony sulfide concentrate was developed. China has large reserves and output of antimony, and a large amount of exports, producing high-purity metallic antimony (containing 99.999% antimony) and high-quality special antimony white, representing the advanced production level of the world antimony industry.
What are the harms of refined antimony?
1. Refined antimony can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and skin. Continuous contact can damage the function of the heart and liver. Inhaling high levels of antimony can lead to antimony poisoning. Symptoms include vomiting, headache, shortness of breath, and death in severe cases. The cause of death of Mozart, the German musical prodigy, is unknown. One school of thought says he died of antimony poisoning.
2. Experiments conducted by the International Antimony Oxide Industry Association in previous years have shown that if rats are exposed to high concentrations of antimony-containing air for a long time, their lungs will become inflamed and they will develop lung cancer. Although there have been no cases of lung cancer caused by inhaling excessive antimony, the potential danger to human body cannot be ruled out. In September 2002, the World Health Organization stipulated that the content of antimony in water and the daily intake should be less than 0.86 μg/kg per day. In Japan, the antimony content in botulinum toxin bottles should be less than 200 ppm. For hot-filled beverages, the use of antimony-containing Botox bottles is prohibited. The EU stipulates that the antimony content in food should be less than 20 ppb, and the antimony content in environmentally friendly PET fibers should not exceed 260 ppm.
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