Uses of antimony compounds
Antimony compounds are diverse and have a wide range of applications, including medicine, electronics, glass manufacturing, flame retardants, ceramics, enamel, printing and dyeing, chemical engineering, and chemical analysis.
Sodium stibogluconate is the first-line drug for the treatment of kala-azar. It is highly effective and has few side effects. It can be produced by the reaction of sodium gluconate and antimonic acid. Potassium antimonyl tartrate 4 H 4 O 8 kSb•1/2H 2 O (tartar emetic) and Antimony-273 (sodium antimonyl gallate) are both drugs used to treat schistosomiasis. The former achieves the purpose of eliminating schistosomes by disrupting their metabolism, while the latter can transfer schistosomes in the mesenteric veins to the liver, blocking them in the small hepatic vessels, where they are surrounded by phagocytes and eventually eliminated. Potassium antimonyl tartrate is obtained by crystallization after heating antimony trioxide with a solution of potassium hydrogen tartrate; Antimony-273 is obtained by the reaction of gallic acid and antimony trioxide in a neutral solution.
Compounds formed by antimony with Group ⅢA and Group ⅥA elements, such as InSb, AlSb, GaSb, Sb 2 Se 3 、Sb 2 Te 3 etc., are all excellent semiconductor materials. Indium antimonide single crystals are produced by high-temperature melting and refining of metallic antimony and indium. These single crystals can be used to produce infrared detectors with special properties.
Antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ）、Sodium antimonate (NaSbO 3 ）、Sodium antimonate hydrate【NaSb（OH） 6 】etc., can be used as clarifying agents in glass production. However, Sb 2 O 3 is used for ordinary glass, while NaSbO 3 and NaSb（OH） 6 are used for picture tube glass shells, optical glass, and various high-grade glasses.
Sb 2 O 3 When used as a glass clarifying agent, Sb 2 O 3 must be used with nitrates. The principle is that at a temperature of 1000-1200℃, Sb 2 O 3 is oxidized by the oxygen released by the nitrate (Sb 2 O 5 →Sb 2 O 5 is oxidized by the oxygen released by the nitrate (Sb 2 O 3 ）；When the temperature reaches above 1300℃, oxygen is released again (Sb 2 O 3 ），thus playing a clarifying role; during the cooling process, Sb 2 O 5 is converted back to Sb 2 O 3 ，thus absorbing and removing oxygen bubbles. The amount of Sb 3 and NaSb（OH） 6 in ordinary glass is generally 0.05%~0.5%. NaSbO 2 O 3 is more effective as a glass clarifying agent than Sb 2 O 3 . When used alone, their effects are similar to those of Sb 2 O 3 ，that is, Sb 2 O 3 is generated at high temperatures and oxygen is released, while Sb 2 O 5 is converted back to Sb
during cooling, absorbing oxygen bubbles and thus clarifying the glass. 2 O 3 Adding a certain amount of Sb
、sulfur, and carbon powder to soda-lime glass, followed by color development heat treatment, results in inexpensive antimony red glass that is easy to promote. This type of glass is used for signal glass and art glass. 2 O 3 Antimony-based flame retardants are playing an increasingly important role among inorganic flame retardants, and flame retardants have become the largest application area for antimony, accounting for more than 80% of total antimony consumption. Using Sb 2 O 5 、non-colloidal Sb 2 O 5 、colloidal Sb 3 、SbCl 3 、NaSbO 2 O 3 etc., a series of products with different compositions, properties, and applications have been developed and are widely used in flame-retardant products such as rubber, plastics, chemical fibers, carpets, and coatings. With the development of Sb 2 O 3 ultrafine technology, finer Sb 2 O 5 can be obtained, which has better addition performance and causes less deterioration of the physical properties of the flame-retardant substrate. The average particle size of colloidal Sb 2 O 3 is only 0.03, about 1/100 of the particle size of general Sb 2 O 5 . Because it is extremely fine, it basically does not deteriorate the physical properties of the resin and has little effect on the color of the resin. Tests have shown that the flame retardancy of colloidal Sb 2 O 5 、Sb 2 O 3 is higher than that of non-colloidal Sb 3 and NaSbO of the same series, making it the best antimony-based flame retardant.
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