Technical characteristics of the molten pool smelting process
The molten pool smelting process is a promising and widely applicable new smelting technology currently under research and development in the pyrometallurgy of heavy non-ferrous metals.
The technical characteristics of the molten pool smelting process involve injecting air, enriched air, industrial-grade oxygen, or a mixture of air and fuel into the molten pool, causing the melt to become violently boiling. When the furnace charge is added to the surface of the molten pool from the top of the furnace in various ways, the three phases of liquid, solid, and gas in the furnace are in full contact, creating extremely favorable conditions for heat and mass transfer of the reaction, and enabling the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of the reaction to reach a more ideal state, thus making the reaction proceed rapidly. In the smelting process, the internal energy of the ore (reaction heat of iron, sulfur, etc.) is fully utilized, leading to self-heating smelting and energy saving.
Compared with other methods, the molten pool smelting process has a series of advantages, including short process flow, simple material preparation procedures, high smelting intensity, high furnace bed capacity, energy saving, pollution control, and easy impoverishment of slag, thus gaining widespread attention.
The concept of "molten pool smelting" has actually been widely used in the smelting process of heavy non-ferrous metals for a long time. Its earliest application can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the converter blowing of copper matte and the impoverishment smelting of lead blast furnace slag in a volatilization furnace being used in industrial production. In addition, as we all know, the flash smelting of nickel matte, the Noranda process invented in Canada, the Mitsubishi process in Japan, and the Baiyin copper smelting process successfully developed in China, the lead-zinc volatilization process for treating lead blast furnace slag, the volatilization process for tin-rich slag and rich-medium ore, etc., all belong to the category of molten pool smelting and are examples of practical applications in industrial production. The QSL lead smelting process and the Australian Cerro smelting process are also applications of molten pool smelting.
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