Beneficiation of stibnite ore
The composition of single antimony sulfide ore is relatively simple, with the main metallic mineral being stibnite. Some ores also contain a small amount of native antimony. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz and calcite. Stibnite is easily collected by xanthate, so flotation is the main beneficiation method for single antimony sulfide ore.
Because stibnite has relatively coarse crystal grains, low hardness, and is brittle and easily broken, flotation should generally be carried out with the coarsest possible grinding for this type of ore. Single-cell flotation machines or flash flotation machines should be installed in the grinding and classification circuit to promptly float out the coarser stibnite. Fine grinding often causes over-grinding, affecting the flotation effect of stibnite. On the one hand, the grade of stibnite concentrate is lower than that obtained under coarse grinding conditions; on the other hand, the flotation recovery rate of antimony concentrate is affected. In addition, the filtration efficiency of fine-grained concentrate is low, affecting the efficiency of dehydration operations.
Some mines, during roughing, first add collectors and frothers to float out easily floated stibnite, and then add activators such as lead salts or copper salts to activate the more difficult-to-float stibnite, and then add collectors for flotation, resulting in higher flotation indexes. However, activators are usually added during the grinding process or in the agitation tank, followed by collectors and frothers for flotation of stibnite in an acidic or natural pH medium, with the best flotation effect at a pH of 5.7. The process used for single antimony sulfide ore flotation generally uses one roughing, 1-3 cleaning, and 1-2 scavenging stages.
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