Beneficiation of stibnite ore
Currently, stibnite ore is generally processed by flotation (or a combined gravity-flotation method), using xanthates or thiocarbamates as collectors, lead salts as activators, and pine oil as a frother. After treatment in a weakly acidic medium with a pH of around 6.5, high-grade antimony concentrate can be produced.
Flotation research on stibnite began in 1912. In 1915, high-grade antimony concentrate was produced in Alaska, USA, after manual operation (the ore was refined and hand-picked to obtain a product with 58% Sb or more). Flotation tests were conducted on the remaining part, with good results, thus beginning the research on antimony ore flotation technology.
Early experiments used tar flotation. In 1925, industrial tests were conducted in Canada using coal tar products and sulfuric acid as flotation agents. The results showed that it had a certain effect on arsenic removal from high-grade stibnite containing 60% antimony. Subsequently, xanthates were widely used, and the flotation technology of stibnite quickly developed.
In 1936, the Soviet Union built a stibnite pilot plant in the Kadamzhuisky antimony mine. At that time, gravity separation was the main method, but flotation was used for clay ores.
China began research on antimony ore flotation in 1935; in 1959, China's first antimony ore flotation plant was built in Xikuangshan, and in-depth exploration of the flotation of sulfide-oxide mixed antimony ore was also carried out.
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